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Common Fire Safety Systems - FAQs

Fire Alarms

What are the different types of fire alarms?
  • Conventional Fire Alarms: Basic system, divided into zones.
  • Addressable Fire Alarms: Advanced system where each device has a unique address.
  • Wireless Fire Alarms: Use radio frequency for communication.
Fire alarms should be tested monthly, with a professional inspection and maintenance at least once a year.
A consistent beeping sound is usually a sign of a low battery, a device malfunction, or the need for maintenance.
  • Silence the alarm if possible.
  • Identify the cause (e.g., cooking smoke or steam).
  • Ventilate the area to clear any smoke or particles.
  • If the cause isn’t obvious, evacuate and call emergency services.
Most fire alarm systems last between 10–15 years. Regular maintenance can extend their lifespan.
Yes, building codes and fire safety regulations usually require commercial properties to have fire alarm systems. Specific requirements vary based on local regulations and building size/type.
Yes, monitored fire alarm systems can automatically notify emergency responders when an alarm is triggered.
  • Test the system monthly.
  • Replace batteries annually (if applicable).
  • Schedule professional inspections at least once a year.
  • Clean smoke detectors to prevent false alarms.
A fire alarm system typically lasts 10 to 15 years, depending on the manufacturer, usage, and maintenance. Smoke detectors should be replaced every 10 years, while control panels and other components may require upgrades or replacement sooner.
  • Conventional Fire Alarms: These systems are divided into zones, and when an alarm is triggered, it only indicates which zone the alarm is in, not the exact location.
  • Addressable Fire Alarms: Each device has a unique address, allowing for precise identification of the triggered device and faster response to the exact location of the fire. Addressable systems are more advanced and suitable for larger buildings.
Yes, you still need a fire alarm system. Sprinkler systems are primarily for fire suppression, while fire alarms are for early detection and alerting occupants to evacuate. Fire alarms provide crucial time to escape and can also notify emergency services.
A fire alarm typically chirps or beeps due to:
  • Low Battery: Replace the battery immediately.
  • End-of-Life Warning: Many smoke detectors chirp when they need to be replaced.
  • Dirty Sensor: Dust or debris can interfere with the sensor; clean it carefully.
  • Wiring or Power Issues: If it’s a hardwired system, check the connection and backup battery.

Smoke Detector

Where should smoke detectors be installed?

Install smoke detectors in every bedroom, outside sleeping areas, and on every level of your home, including basements.

You should test your smoke detectors once a month to ensure they are functioning properly. Simply press the test button until you hear a loud alarm sound. If it doesn’t work, replace the batteries or the unit if necessary.

Combination detectors are available and can detect multiple threats, such as smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), and natural gas, all in one device. However, depending on your home’s design and local regulations, you may still need separate units for better coverage.
Replace batteries at least once a year. For sealed battery units, replace the entire detector every 10 years.
It could indicate a low battery, end-of-life signal, or need for cleaning due to dust or insects.
  • Smoke Detectors: Replace every 10 years.
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detectors: Replace every 5–7 years.
  • Natural Gas Alarms: Replace based on the manufacturer’s recommendations, usually every 5–7 years.
Check the manufacture date on your device, and if it’s older than the recommended lifespan, replace it to maintain safety.

Sprinkler

How do fire sprinkler systems work?
Fire sprinkler systems are designed to detect heat and activate automatically. When a fire starts, the sprinkler head closest to the heat source opens and releases water to control or extinguish the fire. Unlike in movies, only the sprinklers near the fire activate, minimizing water damage. Common types of sprinkler systems include wet pipe, dry pipe, pre-action, and deluge systems.
A quick response sprinkler activates faster than standard response models due to its smaller thermal element, which allows it to detect heat more quickly. These sprinklers aim to suppress fires early and are often used in offices, schools, and residential buildings to provide better life safety protection.

No, only the sprinkler heads closest to the fire are activated.

  • Wet Pipe System: Always filled with water, most common.
  • Dry Pipe System: Filled with pressurized air; water only flows when needed.
  • Pre-Action System: Requires a two-step process to activate, preventing accidental discharge.
  • Deluge System: All sprinkler heads open at once, used for high-risk areas.
While sprinklers release water, the damage is usually far less severe than the destruction caused by an uncontrolled fire.
A standard response sprinkler is designed to contain and control a fire. When the surrounding temperature reaches the activation threshold (typically 135°F to 155°F or 57°C to 68°C), the sprinkler head releases water directly over the fire to prevent it from spreading. Standard response sprinklers are commonly used in industrial and commercial buildings.
Fire sprinkler systems provide early fire suppression, reducing damage, preventing fire spread, and saving lives. Many local fire codes mandate sprinkler systems in certain buildings, especially high-rises, commercial spaces, and industrial facilities. Insurance companies also offer lower premiums for buildings equipped with sprinklers.
Proper maintenance ensures your system remains reliable. Follow these steps:
  • Inspect quarterly for visible damage or obstructions.
  • Test and flush the system annually with a certified professional.
  • Check water pressure regularly.
  • Ensure valves remain open and accessible.
  • Replace damaged or corroded sprinkler heads immediately.

Fire Hydrant

What types of buildings require a fire hydrant system?
Fire hydrant systems are typically required for high-rise buildings, industrial facilities, warehouses, commercial complexes, and public spaces such as malls, hospitals, and schools, as mandated by local fire safety codes.
Water-based systems are highly effective, readily available, and environmentally safe. They are suitable for extinguishing a wide range of fire types, making them the most reliable option in most building codes.
The height of a building is measured from the ground level to the topmost floor, excluding structures like water tanks, lift rooms, or other rooftop services unless specified otherwise in local regulations.
Hose reels provide a continuous supply of water for small to medium-sized fires, offering easy and quick access to water for initial firefighting efforts.
Hydrant valves are commonly made from bronze (gunmetal), stainless steel, cast iron, and aluminum alloys, depending on the application and environment.
Stainless steel valves are more durable, corrosion-resistant, and suitable for harsh environments, especially in coastal areas or chemical industries.
The recommended installation height for a hydrant valve is typically 1 meter (about 3.3 feet) above ground level for easy access during emergencies.
  • Hose Box: The ideal height is 1.2 to 1.4 meters from the ground.
  • Hose Reel Drum: It should be installed at a height of 1.5 meters for convenient operation.
  • Wet Riser: A vertical pipe filled with pressurized water, always ready for immediate use in firefighting.
  • Downcomer: A vertical pipe connected to a water tank that supplies water to lower floors when needed, but it remains empty until activated.
Air release valves prevent air pockets from forming in the riser, ensuring the efficient flow of water and reducing the risk of pressure loss or damage to the system.
Orifice plates are installed to control water pressure and ensure it stays within the required range, especially in high-rise buildings where excessive pressure could damage equipment.
Yes, hydrant valves must be installed at an accessible height, with proper support and secure connections to ensure reliable performance and compliance with safety standards.
  • Regularly check for proper operation and ensure they open and close smoothly.
  • Maintain correct water pressure.
  • Ensure no leaks or blockages are present.
  • Monthly inspections for signs of corrosion or damage.
  • Lubricate moving parts periodically.
  • Annual pressure tests and cleaning to ensure reliability during emergencies.
It is not recommended to mix components from different brands as it may affect compatibility, performance, and warranty, potentially compromising safety and compliance with standards.